{"id":14833,"date":"2023-08-09T10:02:01","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T13:02:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogfca.pucminas.br\/colab\/?p=14833"},"modified":"2023-08-09T17:49:07","modified_gmt":"2023-08-09T20:49:07","slug":"ar-da-regiao-metropolitana-de-belo-horizonte-pode-causar-de-doencas-cardiovasculares-a-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogfca.pucminas.br\/colab\/ar-da-regiao-metropolitana-de-belo-horizonte-pode-causar-de-doencas-cardiovasculares-a-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Ar da Regi\u00e3o Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte pode causar de doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares a c\u00e2ncer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A pesquisa Qualidade do Ar da Regi\u00e3o Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, do Instituto de Energia e Meio Ambiente (IEMA)<\/a>, revelou que a Regi\u00e3o Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH) tem concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de poluentes acima do n\u00edvel recomendado<\/strong> pela Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial de Sa\u00fade (OMS). O estudo, publicado em julho de 2023, analisou os poluentes material particulado inal\u00e1vel (MP10), material particulado fino (MP2,5), di\u00f3xido de enxofre (SO2), di\u00f3xido de nitrog\u00eanio (NO2) e oz\u00f4nio (O3). O cen\u00e1rio mineiro n\u00e3o \u00e9 diferente da maior parte do mundo. A OMS afirma que 99% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o mundial respira ar com qualidade inferior \u00e0 recomendada pela organiza\u00e7\u00e3o. Al\u00e9m do impacto ambiental dos altos n\u00edveis de poluentes, a sa\u00fade humana \u00e9 extremamente prejudicada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Riscos \u00e0 sa\u00fade e ao meio ambiente<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nelson Gouveia, epidemiologista e professor da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), afirma que a polui\u00e7\u00e3o do ar pode causar in\u00fameras doen\u00e7as<\/strong>. O ar seco, comum nesta \u00e9poca do ano, \u00e9 um agravante que deixa a parede respirat\u00f3ria mais fr\u00e1gil e propensa a irrita\u00e7\u00f5es por poluentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gouveia ressalta que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o somente as doen\u00e7as respirat\u00f3rias que s\u00e3o preocupantes. \u201cUma vez no pulm\u00e3o, essa polui\u00e7\u00e3o passa para a nossa corrente sangu\u00ednea. Ent\u00e3o, ela praticamente vai ter efeito em todo o organismo. O segundo \u00f3rg\u00e3o de ataque, que tem bastante evid\u00eancia e muitos estudos mostrando, \u00e9 nosso cora\u00e7\u00e3o. As doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares est\u00e3o bastante correlacionadas com o efeito da polui\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m\u201d, afirma o m\u00e9dico. Ele destaca as consequ\u00eancias sist\u00eamicas que podem afetar diversos \u00f3rg\u00e3os e causar diferentes c\u00e2nceres, dem\u00eancia, d\u00e9ficit cognitivo, AVC, derrame, aceleramento do envelhecimento da pele, diabetes e, at\u00e9, m\u00e1 forma\u00e7\u00e3o cong\u00eanita e defeitos de nascimento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Polui\u00e7\u00e3o do ar afeta o organismo de forma sist\u00eamica | Cr\u00e9ditos: Guilhemar Caixeta Filho<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O meio ambiente tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 extremamente prejudicado pela polui\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica<\/strong>. De acordo com Ricardo Passos, engenheiro ambiental, professor e pesquisador do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), os efeitos incluem polui\u00e7\u00e3o do solo e dos rios, aquecimento global, e chuva \u00e1cida, fen\u00f4meno caracterizado pela acidifica\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua da chuva que prejudica solos<\/a>, plantas, animais, e corr\u00f3i monumentos ao ar livre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Material particulado \u00e9 o mais perigoso<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Entre os resultados mais graves obtidos no estudo do IEMA est\u00e3o todas as esta\u00e7\u00f5es de monitoramento do ar terem registrado valores de material particulado fino (MP2,5) acima da concentra\u00e7\u00e3o das diretrizes da qualidade do ar da OMS de 2021. Essas normas t\u00eam car\u00e1ter de refer\u00eancia para legisladores, de modo que o Brasil segue a Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o CONAMA n\u00ba 491\/2018<\/a>, que permite n\u00edveis maiores de polui\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica, j\u00e1 que se baseia nas diretrizes de 2005 da organiza\u00e7\u00e3o. Entretanto, a maioria das esta\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00eam teores que ultrapassam at\u00e9 mesmo os padr\u00f5es do in\u00edcio do s\u00e9culo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

O material particulado, hoje em dia, \u00e9 o principal vil\u00e3o. <\/p>\nNelson Gouveia, epidemiologista<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dos poluentes monitorados, o material particulado \u00e9 o de maior preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o para especialistas. Ricardo Passos explica que essas min\u00fasculas part\u00edculas de composi\u00e7\u00f5es diversas ficam suspensas no ar, n\u00e3o t\u00eam cheiro e s\u00e3o impercept\u00edveis ao olho humano. Entretanto, seus danos podem ser imensos<\/strong>, j\u00e1 que elas se depositam nos alv\u00e9olos pulmonares e podem chegar \u00e0 corrente circulat\u00f3ria. \u201c\u00c9 um processo inflamat\u00f3rio de estresse oxidativo no organismo, que vai desencadeando doen\u00e7as\u201d, afirma o m\u00e9dico Nelson Gouveia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estresse oxidativo:<\/mark><\/strong> de acordo com o artigo \u201cEstresse oxidativo: conceito, implica\u00e7\u00f5es e fatores modulat\u00f3rios\u201d, de Barbosa et al<\/em>, esse fen\u00f4meno acontece por causa de um desequil\u00edbrio entre a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de compostos oxidantes e o sistemas de defesa antioxidante, que reduz os danos causados pelos radicais livres. Esse processo \u00e9 associado ao envelhecimento precoce e ao desenvolvimento de alguns tipos de c\u00e2nceres.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
A origem \u00e9 a solu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Apesar de as subst\u00e2ncias terem a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o facilmente medida pelas esta\u00e7\u00f5es de monitoramento, a fonte delas \u00e9 incerta. Os principais agentes poluidores da RMBH s\u00e3o apontados como minera\u00e7\u00e3o, polos industriais, ve\u00edculos, queima de biomassa, refinaria de petr\u00f3leo e produ\u00e7\u00e3o de cal e cimento, de acordo com Ricardo Passos. Entretanto, os poluentes podem percorrer longas dist\u00e2ncias, como aponta o estudo \u201cImprints of anthropogenic air pollution sources on nitrate isotopes in precipitation in a tropical metropolitan area\u201d <\/em>(Pegadas de fontes de polui\u00e7\u00e3o antropog\u00eanica no ar em is\u00f3topos de nitrato em precipita\u00e7\u00e3o em uma \u00e1rea metropolitana tropical) do pesquisador. A equipe coordenada por Passos combinou a an\u00e1lise de is\u00f3topos de nitrog\u00eanio com modelos matem\u00e1ticos e meteorol\u00f3gicos, e, assim, concluiu que parte da polui\u00e7\u00e3o a\u00e9rea de Belo Horizonte vem de queimadas<\/a> no norte do Brasil e de navios que passam na costa do pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
A polui\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o tem limite, ela n\u00e3o tem dono.<\/p>\nRicardo Passos, engenheiro ambiental<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Mesmo que descobrir as fontes n\u00e3o seja um trabalho f\u00e1cil, Passos afirma que, para frear os poluentes, a primeira etapa \u00e9 fazer um diagn\u00f3stico tanto das concentra\u00e7\u00f5es quanto das fontes de polui\u00e7\u00e3o. A segunda fase \u00e9 o adequamento das leis de acordo com as diretrizes da OMS e a fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos agentes poluidores. Por \u00faltimo, a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de fontes limpas. Por mais clich\u00ea que soe, a mudan\u00e7a nos recursos energ\u00e9ticos \u00e9 essencial<\/strong> para uma melhor qualidade do ar e de vida na RMBH.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Especialistas explicam que polui\u00e7\u00e3o de queimadas na Amaz\u00f4nia e navios em portos brasileiros chega \u00e0 capital<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":62,"featured_media":14834,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1319,12],"tags":[177,1658],"class_list":["post-14833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-meio-ambiente","category-saude","tag-belo-horizonte","tag-poluicao-do-ar"],"yoast_head":"\nAr da Regi\u00e3o Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte pode causar de doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares a c\u00e2ncer - Colab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Especialistas explicam que a polui\u00e7\u00e3o de queimadas na Amaz\u00f4nia e navios em portos brasileiros chega \u00e0 Belo Horizonte\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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